↑ Kefale, Asnake. "Ethnic Federalism and Conflict Management in Ethiopia: The Case of Dire Dawa" in Luc Sindjoun (ed.)'s The Coming African Hour: Dialectics of Opportunities and Constraints, p. 209. Africa Institute of South Africa (Pretoria), 2010. Truy cập 15 Feb 2014.
↑ Referencing Dir confederation of Somali clans which inhabit vast area between the Red Sea and Dir Dawa. See Dir.
↑ academies, prepared by a number of leading orientalists; edited by an editorial committee consisting of H.A.R. Gibb... [et al.]; under patronage of the international union of (2009). Encyclopaedia of islam . Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN9789004161214.
↑ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century (bằng tiếng Anh). Annotation: Dir, According to Huntingford a settlement which may be modern Dire Dawa. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. tr. 24.
↑ C.F. Beckham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. 224 n.1.
